Rising temperatures increase air pollution levels (Reuters)

An American study warned that the risks of heatwaves are not limited to rising temperatures alone; they also lead to a worrying increase in air pollution levels.

Researchers from the University of Texas recommended a set of preventive measures to reduce exposure to these pollutants during extreme heat periods. The results were presented on Monday at the American Chemical Society conference held in Washington D.C. from August 17 to 21.

According to data from the Texas Department of Health, more than 300 deaths due to heatwaves were recorded in 2023, the highest number since monitoring began in 1989. However, the research team concluded that the greatest risk lies in air pollution caused by chemical reactions that accelerate with rising temperatures.

The study started during the heatwave that swept Texas in August 2024; researchers collected air samples over a full month in College Station city, amid temperatures ranging from 32 to 41 degrees Celsius. This period was free of wildfires, allowing isolation of heat’s effect alone on air quality.

The team analyzed air samples to monitor key pollutants affecting public health, such as nitrogen oxides, ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nanoparticles, using highly sensitive devices, including an advanced device described by researchers as a “super-sensitive nose that instantly detects and identifies volatile organic compounds.”

Results showed elevated levels of ozone, oxidized organic compounds, and acid-rich particles, all increasing with rising temperatures. It was also found that trees release larger amounts of natural organic compounds, such as isoprene, during heatwaves.

Although these emissions are natural and not harmful by themselves, their interaction with industrial pollutants and vehicle emissions under strong sunlight leads to the formation of harmful ozone and fine particles that threaten health and increase risks of heart and respiratory diseases, especially among vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly.

To reduce exposure to air pollution during heatwaves, researchers recommended following four basic preventive steps:

First: Stay indoors during peak hours between noon and 4 p.m., when heat and ozone levels are at their highest.

Second: Avoid exercising or traveling near highways and crowded areas during these times.

Third: Regularly monitor the local air quality index and adjust outdoor activities accordingly.

Fourth: Keep windows closed during peak hours to limit the entry of polluted air into homes.

Researchers emphasized that these measures provide temporary individual protection, but a radical solution requires enhancing understanding of climate change’s impact on atmospheric chemistry, developing early warning systems, and adopting strict policies to reduce emissions to protect public health in an increasingly warming world.