Researchers warned about the direct negative effects of e-cigarettes on blood circulation, even if they do not contain nicotine, according to a study published by nypost. The study conducted by the University of Pennsylvania focused on the effects of nicotine on vascular functions and the direct impact of e-cigarettes, whether containing nicotine or not. It followed 31 smokers aged between 21 and 49, who underwent MRI scans before and after smoking either electronic or traditional cigarettes. The results showed a significant decline in vascular functions and oxygen levels in various parts of the lower body, with the greatest decline after smoking nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, followed by nicotine-free ones. This confirms that e-cigarettes, despite containing fewer chemicals than traditional cigarettes, still have harmful effects on health and are not a healthy alternative as often marketed.