Gums are not just a frame for your teeth, but the foundation that holds and protects them from bacteria. When healthy, they act as a natural shield preventing infections and maintaining your smile. If damaged, problems can start from minor bleeding and end with tooth loss.

Healthy gums are usually pink or a natural color consistent with your skin, tight around the teeth without gaps, with a firm texture and small points resembling orange peel. They do not hurt when touched, nor show abnormal swelling. Healthy gums are not just an aesthetic feature but the foundation of overall oral health. A little daily care can prevent complex problems and costly treatments later.

Any early signs or symptoms on the gums should be noticed and a specialist consulted. When gums weaken, symptoms gradually appear: redness or dark color, swelling, bleeding when brushing or eating, and recession exposing tooth roots. In advanced cases, gaps form between teeth and gums filled with bacteria, and chronic bad breath may be noticed.

Inflammations have stages and are not equal:

Gingivitis: the first stage caused by plaque buildup. Often painless but fully reversible if treated early.

Periodontitis: the next stage where infection extends to the supporting bone. Teeth may become loose and one or more may be lost if untreated.

Some symptoms require immediate medical consultation:

Repeated bleeding when cleaning teeth.

Excessive sensitivity to cold or hot drinks.

Pain or difficulty chewing.

Sudden change in teeth alignment or spacing.

Persistent bad breath not removed by brushing or mouthwash.

Certain habits should be avoided that cause gum inflammation, including:

Neglecting tooth cleaning allowing plaque to harden into tartar that is difficult to remove.

Smoking of all kinds, which weakens gum resistance to inflammation.

Poor diets lacking essential minerals and vitamins.

Chronic diseases like diabetes that feed harmful bacteria.

Hormonal changes making gums more sensitive, especially in women.

Medications causing dry mouth and reducing saliva secretion.

Prevention methods include:

Brushing teeth twice daily with a soft brush and fluoride toothpaste.

Using dental floss or interdental cleaners to remove food debris.

Drinking plenty of water to keep the mouth hydrated.

Visiting the dentist every 6 months for check-ups and cleaning.

Avoiding smoking and sugary drinks as much as possible.

Eating foods rich in calcium and vitamin C.

If diagnosed, the doctor may start with professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar, and may use root planing techniques if the infection is advanced. In severe cases, gum surgery may be required to support teeth and prevent loss.