The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt for the year 2014, amended in 2019, defines the term of the Senate and the number of its elected and appointed members. Article 250 states that the Senate is formed of a number of members determined by law, not less than 180 members.

The term of Senate membership is five years, starting from the date of its first meeting, and the new Senate is elected within the sixty days preceding the end of its term.

Two-thirds of its members are elected by direct secret general ballot, and the President of the Republic appoints the remaining third.

The election and appointment of Senate members are carried out according to the law.