Founded in 1954, the Egyptian Iron and Steel Company was a national industrial project linked to major infrastructure developments in Egypt. However, it faced severe challenges due to lack of government investment and poor management, leading to accumulated debts and loss of competitiveness. In 2021, the government decided to liquidate the company, sparking debates about the economic, social, and strategic implications of this decision. The company’s revival attempts included debt settlement, consumption rationalization, asset sales, and technical restructuring with global partners. The liquidation decision highlighted the complex relationship between the state and heavy industry, emphasizing the importance of preserving national expertise and adopting a comprehensive strategic vision for Egypt’s iron and steel industry.